List of Recently Appointed Brand Ambassadors 2018

Name of the Brands & Campaigns	Person
Vistara	Deepika Padukone
Gulf Oil	Hardik Pandya
Dabur Honey	Jacqueline Fernandez
Cox & Kings	Anushka Sharma
Mastercard	Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Manipal Hospitals	Rahul Dravid
Dish TV	Ranveer Singh
Nokia	Alai Bhatt
HoloSuit	Yuvraj Singh
Maruti	Varun Dhawan
Bharat Matrimony	M.S Dhoni
Uber eats	Alai Bhatt
Navneet Education Limited	Prithvi Shaw
Apollo Tyres	Sachin Tendulkar
State Bank of India appoints for YONO	Swapna Barman
Datsun India	Aamir Khan
Rupa and Company	Anushka Sharma
Jonty Rhodes	Isuzu D-Max V-Cross
Siyaram	Ranveer Singh
Flipkart	Ranbir Kapoor and Shraddha Kapoor
Assam ( state’s brand ambassador)	Hima Das
SHARP TV	Rohit Sharma
Sumadhura Group	MS Dhoni
Remit2India, (an online money transfer portal)	Virat Kohli
Philips India (for its male grooming products)	Virat Kohli
Indigo Paints	MS Dhoni
BoAt	Jacqueline Fernandez
Dabur(for its skin care brand Fem)	Kriti Sanon
Dollar Missy	Chitrangada Singh
NetMeds (Online Pharmacy)	MS Dhoni
Reebok.	Nathalie Emmanuel
L'Oréal Paris	Amber Heard
Kraft Heinz India(for the Complan brand)	Sourav Ganguly
‘Educate Girls’(non-profit organisation)	Katrina Kaif
Whirlpool	Kriti Sanon and Sushant Singh Rajput
BATA	Kriti Sanon
Tata Sons( for global corporate affairs)	S Jaishankar
Tourism Fiji(for the India market)	Ileana D’Cruz
Lubricants India (a Hinduja Group company)	Hardik Pandya
Vivo	Aamir Khan
Uber	Virat Kohli
Gaming platform Dream11	Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Chocolate Snickers	MS Dhoni
Bata’s new sport wears	Smriti Mandhana.
All India Chess Federation for the Blind (AICFB)	Grand Master Vidit Gujrathi.
Pakistan Cricket Board	Shoaib Akhtar
T20 Mumbai League's	Sachin Tendulkar
Sikkim	AR Rahman
The Muthoot Group	Amitabh Bachchan
Harman International	Priyanka Chopra
Frooti	Allu Arjun
Poker Sports League	Viswanathan Anand
RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group(for its packaged snacking brand, Too Yumm)	Virat Kohli
Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation (GMC)	Cricketer Suresh Raina
Swachh Bharat Mission in Ghaziabad City (Uttar Pradesh)	Cricketer Suresh Raina
Delhi Dynamos FC	Jacqueline Fer-nandez
Hyundai(Continues for 2 more years)	Shahrukh Khan
ITM Group of Institutions	Kidambi Srikanth
Environmental Issues	Dia Mirza
Innerwear brand Lux	Amitabh Bachchan
Futsal football franchise Kerala Cobras	Sunny Leone
Indoor Cricket Team	Sandeep Patil
WHO Goodwill Ambassador(for Autism in South Asia)	Saima Wazed Hossain
Road safety awareness campaign.	Akshay Kumar
China hails	Amir Khan
One plus 6	Amitabh Bachhan
Leonardo Olive Oil	Chef Sanjeev Kapoor
Luminous Power’s new brand AMAZE	Virat Kohli

List of Lakes in India...

S.No.	Name	State	District	Type of Lakes	Facts/Description
1	Pulicat Lake	Andhra Pradesh	Sullurpet	Brackish Water	It encompasses Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary; Satish Dhawan Space Centre located here
2	Kolleru Lake	Andhra Pradesh	Vijayawada	Freshwater	Home to migratory birds
3	Nagarjuna Sagar	Andhra Pradesh	Nalgonda	Freshwater	Artificially constructed; Krishna river
4	Haflong Lake	Assam	Silchar	Freshwater	High altitude lake
5	DeeporBeel	Assam	Kamrup	Freshwater	Under Ramsar Convention
6	Son Beel	Assam	Karimganj	Freshwater (Tectonically formed)	Largest wetland in Assam
7	Chandubi lake	Assam	Kamrup	Freshwater	Migratory Birds (winter); formed by 1897 earthquake
8	Kanwar Lake	Bihar	Begusarai	Oxbow (freshwater)	Asia’s largest freshwater oxbow lake;
9	Hamirsar lake	Gujarat	Kutch	Artificial	Situated in centre of Bhuj
10	Kankaria lake	Gujarat	Ahmedabad	Artificial	During 14th century by Muhammed Shah II
11	Narayan Sarovar	Gujarat	Kutch	Artificial freshwater	Pilgrimage site for Hindus
12	Thol Lake	Gujarat	Mehsana	Lentic lake	Constructed for irrigation purpose
13	Vastrapur	Gujarat	Ahmedabad	Freshwater	Narmada River; Picnic spot
14	Badkal Lake	Haryana	Faridabad	Freshwater	Man made
15	Blue Bird Lake	Haryana	Hisar	Freshwater	Migratory Birds, Wetland Habitat
16	Brahma Sarovar	Haryana	Thaneswar	Freshwater	Ancient water pool sacred to Hinduism
17	Damdama Lake	Haryana	Sohna	Freshwater	Constructed by British government for Rainwater Harvesting
18	Karna	Haryana	Karnal	Freshwater	Connected to great epic Mahabharata
19	Tilyar	Haryana	Rohtak	Freshwater (canal inflow)	Located inside Tilyar Zoo
20	Chandra Taal	Himachal Pradesh	Lahul and Spiti	Sweetwater lake	Ramsar wetland site
21	Suraj Taal	Himachal Pradesh	Lahul and Spiti	Freshwater (High Altitude)	Bhaga River inflow
22	MaharanaPratapSagar	Himachal Pradesh	Kangra	Freshwater	Ramsar site
23	Prashar lake	Himachal Pradesh	Mandi	Holomitic (Freshwater)	It has a floating Island
24	Dal lake	J &K	Srinagar	Warm monomitic	Remnants of  past glacial period
25	Pangong Tso	J &K	Ladakh	Endorheic Lake (saline water)	Indo-China Border
26	Wular lake	J &K	Bandipora	Tectonic lake (fresh water)	Largest freshwater lake in India
27	TsoMoriri	J &K	Ladakh	Saltwater	High altitude lake
28	Agata lake	Karnataka	Bangalore	Freshwater	Located in southwest part of the city
29	Bellandur Lake	Karnataka	Bangalore	Freshwater	-
30	Karachi lake	Karnataka	Mysore	-	Butterfly park
31	Ulsoor lake	Karnataka	Bangalore	Stale water	It has several islands
32	Kukarahalli lake	Karnataka	Mysore	Freshwater	Recreational
33	Honnamana	Karnataka	Kodagu	Freshwater	Holy lake, place for various festivals
34	Pampa Sarovar	Karnataka	Hampi	Freshwater	Tungabhadra river
35	Ashtamudi Kayal	Kerala	Kollam	Brackish water	Ramsar wetland site
36	Kuttanad	Kerala	Alappuzha, Kottayam		Backwater paddy cultivation
37	Vembanad	Kerala	-	Brackish water	Ramsar wetland; boat race
38	Shashtamkotta	Kerala	Kollam	Freshwater	Ramsar wetland
39	Bhojtal	Madhya. Pradesh	Bhopal	Freshwater	Ramsar site; largest artificial lake in India
40	Salim Ali	Maharashtra	Aurangabad	Freshwater	Birdwatching
41	Shivsagar	Maharashtra	Satara	Freshwater	Koyna dam
42	Lonar lake	Maharashtra	Buldhana	Crater lake	National Geo-Heritage monument
43	Loktak lake	Manipur	-	Lenticular freshwater	Ramsar wetland; Phumdis (Floating Islands); Multipurpose project
44	Umiam	Meghalaya	Shillong	Freshwater	Famous for cycling and boating
45	Tam Dil	Mizoram	Saitual	Freshwater	-
46	Chilika lake	Orissa	Puri	Brackish water	India's largest brackish water lake; lagoon
47	Kanjia lake	Orissa	Bhubaneswar	Freshwater	Wetland of national importance
48	Harike	Punjab	Ferozepur	Freshwater	Ramsar wetland site
49	Rupar	Punjab	Rupnagar	Freshwater	Manmade riverine lake
50	Kanjli	Punjab	Kapurthala	Freshwater	Ramsar wetland site
51	Sambhar lake	Rajasthan	Sambhar Lake-town	Saltwater	Ramsar wetland; largest inland saltwater lake in India
52	Rajsamand	Rajasthan	Rajsamand	Freshwater	-
53	Tsomgo lake	Sikkim	East Sikkim	Freshwater	Winter frozen
54	Khecheoplari	Sikkim	West Sikkim	Freshwater	Sacred lake for Hindus and Buddhists
55	Ooty lake	Tamilnadu	Nilgiris	Freshwater	Boat House
56	Chembarambakkam	Tamilnadu	Chennai	Artificial lake	-
57	Hussain Sagar	Telangana	Hyderabad	Artificial lake	Artificial Gibraltar rock island
58	Badrakali lake	Telegana	Warangal	Freshwater	Artificial lake
59	Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar	Uttar Pradesh	Sonbhadra	Man-made lake	Rihand dam
60	Belasagar	Uttar Pradesh	Kulpahar	Freshwater	Irrigation lake
61	Bhimtal	Uttarakhand	Nainital	Freshwater	Medium altitude lake
62	East Calcutta wetlands	West Bengal	Calcutta	Brackish water	Ramsar wetland

PHRASAL VERBS

Phrasal Verb	Definition
fess up (informal)	confess; admit you did something bad/wrong
talk down to (someone)	talk to the person as if they were inferior, stupid, or incompetent
speak up	say your opinion about something you believe is wrong, without fear or hesitation
speak out on/against (an issue)	speaking publicly about controversial issues
tune (someone / something) out	ignore; pretend not to hear
call (someone) out	challenge or confront the person, especially about something they are doing wrong
point out	call attention to a particular fact
spell (information) out	describe or explain it very carefully in a detailed and meticulous way
cut (someone) off	interrupt the person in the middle of a sentence
rattle off (information)	say a list of things very quickly
harp on (a topic)	emphasize it or say it repeatedly in an annoying way
tell (someone) off	say exactly what you think about that person (when you have a negative opinion of them)
butt in	suddenly enter and interrupt a conversation (often when you are not particularly welcome in that conversation)
stand up for / stick up for (someone)	defend or support someone or something
back (someone) up	support the person
open up to (someone)	tell them your feelings, especially things that you had previously hidden
rant about	complain loudly and angrily
blurt out	say something quickly and spontaneously, often without thinking
not let on	not allowing other people to know about something
bring up (a topic)	introduce it into a conversation or discussion

Important National & International Appointments in November 2018

National Appointments

Designation	Name of the Person
Chief Election Commissioner	Sunil Arora
Chairman, UPSC	Arvind Saxena
Chief, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board	Nageshwar Rao Guntur
Revenue Secretary	Ajay Bhushan Pandey
Chairman, Inland Waterways Authority Of India	Jalal Srivastava
Director General, ITBP, DGSSB	S.S Deswal
MD & CEO , UCO Bank	Atul Goel
First Chairman Of Lokayukta, Meghalaya	Pranay Kumar Musahari
Chairman, Competition Commission Of India	Ashok Kumar Gupta
Minister Of Parliamentary Affairs	Narendra Singh Tomar
Minister Of Chemicals And Fertilizers	DV Sadanand Gowda
Coal Secretary	Sumanta Chowdhary
President, Surgeons Association Of India	Raghu Ram
Whatsapp India Head	Abhijit Bose
Supreme Court Judge	Justice Mk Shah
Indian Operations Head, Apple	Ashish Chowdhary
Non-Executive Director, Vodafone	Sanjiv Ahuja
President, Indian Electronics And Semi-Conductor Association	Rajesh Ram Mishra
CEO, Flipkart	Kalyan Krishnamurthy
CEO, Oyo Hotels, India	Aditya Ghosh
CFO, Infosys	Jayesh Sanghraka
Director, Enforcement Directorate	Sanjay Kumar Mishra
Chairman, Citigroup	John Dugan
India’s Ambassador To Iran	Gaddam Dharmendra
India’s Ambassador To Japan	Sanjay Kumar Verma
Brand Ambassador, 10th AIBA Women World Championship	Mary Kom
Newly Appointed High Court Chief Justices	Allahabad HC - Govind Mathur Patna HC - Amreshwar Pratap Sahi Madhya Pradesh HC - SK Seth Tripura HC - Sanjay Carol

International Appointments

Designation	Name of the Person
President, International Boxing Association	Gafur Rakhimov
CEO, Google Cloud	Thomas Kurian
UNICEF’s youngest Goodwill Ambassador	Millie Bobby Bran (14 year old)
First Ever Youth Ambassador UNICEF	Hima Das
1st Youth Advocate Of Northeast India By UNICEF	Nahid Afrin
MD, India Operations, State Bank Of Mauritius	Sidharth Rath
Chief Representative Of Asia And Pacific At Bank For International Settlements	Sidharth Tiwari
India’s Ambassador, Madagascar	Abhai Kumar
President, INTERPOL	Kim Jong Yang

Complete list of International film festival of India award 2018

 

49th International Film Festival of India 2018

International Film Festival of India (IFFI)

      It is biggest state-backed international film festival in India. It is conducted jointly by Union Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Directorate of Film Festivals and Government of Goa. It was started in 1952 and since then held annually in Goa.

IFFI 2018

      The 49th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) was held in Panaji, capital of Goa. The closing ceremony was held at Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Stadium in Bambolim in Panaji.

• Theme: New India 
• Focus Country: Israel
• Focus State: Jharkhand
• Opening Flim: “The Aspern Papers”
• Closing Flim: “Sealed Lips”

Complete List of Awards

Best film (Golden Peacock) award	Donbass (Ukrainian movie) directed by Sergei Loznitsa.
Best director (Silver Peacock) award	Lijo Jose Pellissery(Malayalam film-India).
Best Actor (Male) Award	Chemban Vinod for his role in ‘Ee.Ma.Yau’ (Malayalam-India)
Best Actor (Female) Award	Anastasiia Pustovit for her role in ‘When the Trees Fall’ (Ukrainian)
Centenary Award for Best Debut Feature Film of Director	Alberto Monteras II for ‘Respeto’ (Filipino)
ICFT –UNESCO Gandhi Medal	‘Walking with the Wind’directed by Praveen Morchhale
Lifetime Achievement Award	Dan Wolman (Israeli Director)
Special Award for his lifetime contribution to Cinema	Salim Khan (Story-screenplay-dialogue writer)

 

Some other Facts

• This is for the first time that any state (Jharkhand) was made focus state at IFFI.
• The feature film jury selected the film OLU directed by Shaji N Karun as the opening feature film of Indian Panorama 2018.

List of MoUs signed between India and other Nations 2018 (Last 6 months)

July 2018

India / Organization signed MOU with	Purpose of the MOU
Invest India and UAE Minister	For Technological Cooperation.
Invest India And Business France	To Promote Investment facilitation and cooperation
India and Uganda	on Defence Cooperation.  on Visa exemption for Diplomatic and official passport holders.  on Cultural Exchange Programme.  on Material Testing Laboratory.
India and Rwanda	In the fields of  Defence, Trade,  Agriculture,  Leather and allied products and Dairy.
India and Bangladesh	To ease visa restrictions for citizens from the neighbouring country.
India and United Kingdom	On the exchange of experience by legal professionals and government functionaries for resolution of disputes before various courts and tribunals.
India and Cuba	On Traditional Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy.
India and BRICS Nations	On the Regional Aviation Partnership.
India and Indonesia	On pharmaceutical products, pharmaceutical substances, biological product and cosmetics regulatory functions.
India and Ghana	To enhance the bilateral cooperation between the two countries.
British Council & West Bengal govt	On cultural, education exchange, to promoting cultural, educational and skill development exchanges between the UK and West Bengal.
NITI Aayog and Lupin Foundation	For Collaborating In Aspirational Districts.
Infosys Foundation and the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited (BMRCL)	For the construction of a station at Konappana Agrahara in Electronics City.
UN Environment Programme (UNEP) Partners With Google	For Monitoring Impact Of Human Activity On Ecosystem.
Microsoft and Rajasthan government	To provide free digital training to 9,500 college students in one year.
Indian Army and State Bank of India	On the Defence Salary Package.
IndiaFirst Life Insurance Company Limited, and Oxigen Services	Establish the distribution of its insurance products at Oxigen retail outlets.
State Bank of India and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development	Provide collateral-free credit to farmers in Telangana.
Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and Bombay Metal Exchange (BME)	For the growth and systematic development of commodity derivatives markets in the non-ferrous metals complex.
Odisha government and the Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System (RIMES)	Enhancing early warning system for effective management of all kinds of disaster in the state, including flood, drought, heat wave, lightning, and road accidents.

August 2018

India / Organization signed MOU with	Purpose of the MOU
India and Bulgaria	In the field of tourism
India and Republic of Korea	In the field of railways
India and United Kingdom and Northern Ireland	The fields of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries
India and Morocco	Air Services Agreement
India and USA	In insurance regulatory sector
India and Indonesia	On Health cooperation        On Scientific and Technological Cooperation.
India and Korea	On Trade Remedy Cooperation
India and South Africa	Joint issue of postage stamp
India and Germany	On financial and technical cooperation focusing on sustainable urban development and renewable energy
India and Japan	To cooperate in bamboo sector in Tripura
India and Canada	Collaboration among Chartered Accountant Institutions
India and Rwanda	Trade Cooperation Framework
Rajasthan and the World Bank	USD 250 million Development Policy Loan (DPL) signed for improving the performance of its Electricity Distribution Sector under the State’s ‘24x7 Power for All’ program.
India And ADB	$346 Million Loan signed to Improve State Highways In Karnataka
India and the World Bank	300 million dollar loan agreements signed for India Energy Efficiency Scale up Programme
Indian Railways And GAIL	Provide infrastructure facilities for supply of Natural Gas to Indian Railways Workshops, Production Units and Depots at Rail Bhavan
The Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, and the International Energy Agency (IEA)	On enhancing innovation for Clean Energy Transition
India And ADB	$375 Million Loan signed to improve irrigation efficiency in Madhya Pradesh
Prasar Bharati and Mizzima Media Group of Myanmar	To realize cooperation and collaboration in broadcasting and content sharing
The Union Ministry of Water Resources, the NABARD and the National Water Development Agency (NWDA)	For funding of central share of 99 prioritised irrigation projects under Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)
Italian motorcycle-maker Benelli, Telangana government and Adishwar Auto Ride International (AARI)	For setting a manufacturing facility
PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and Confederation of Nepalese Industries (CNI)	To establish India-Nepal Centre
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and State Bank of India (SBI)	For getting Long Term Unsecured Loan of Rs 25000 crore for 10 years with 3 years of moratorium on repayments
Exim Bank of India and  member development banks of BRICS	To undertake “collaborative research” in distributed ledger/blockchain technology
National Health Agency (NHA) and Common Service Centres (CSC) scheme under the Digital India Programme	To provide information and eligibility validation services to beneficiaries, mainly in remote areas.
Andhra govt and electronics company Holytech	On setting up electronics manufacturing plant

September 2018

NDIA SIGNED MOU WITH	DATE	PURPOSE OF THE MOU	VENUE
Pakistan	September 1	To undertake Indus Water Treaty tours on both sides of Indus Basin	Lahore
U.S (2+2)	September 6	Strengthening the defense and security partnership	New Delhi
France (Mobilize your city)	September 9	To reduce the greenhouse Gas emissions
Cyprus	September 2	MOU between Financial intelligence unit , India and Unit for combating money laundering of Cyprus to tackle issues of money laundering	Cyprus
Bulgaria	September 5	5 MOU’S on Various sectors relating to investment , cooperation and facilitation of terrorism , enhanced science and technological co operation.	BULGARIA
Czech Republic	September 7	5 MOU’s on various sectors on science and technology, VISA waiver agreement , cooperation in laser technology , agriculture etc.	CZECH REPUBLIC
Brunei	September 12	Cooperation in the field of space research, science and its applications
Egypt	September 12	Cooperation in the field of agriculture and allied sectors
INDO – German Chamber of Commerce	September 18	To promote vocational education and training and provide certificate valid in India and Germany both	New Delhi
Sri Lanka	September 17	To construct a 5000 metric tone temperature controlled warehouse in Dambulla Sri Lanka	Sri Lanka
Morocco	September 19	To enable greater connectivity	New Delhi
Niger	September 20	To establish Mahatma Gandi convention centre at Niamey , Niger	New Delhi
Uzbekistan	September 28	To promote cooperation in the field of trade , telemedicine , e-governanace	New Delhi
Portugal	September 30	To improve water management , sewerage , waste management and sanitation of Goa for a period of 2 years	Goa

October 2018

India Signed MOU with	Date	Purpose of MOU	Venue
Uzbekistan	Oct 1	To Promote Co-Operation In The Field Of Trade And Investment, Development Of Education And Connectivity	New Delhi
Kazakhstan	Oct 5	To Increase Defense Co-Operation	Astana, Kazakhstan
Russia	Oct 5	To Promote Co-Operation In Trade, Defense, Space, Nuclear Plants, Fertilizers And Railway	New Delhi
MOU Between UNICEF and NASSCOM	Oct 8	To Strengthen Child Rights Through Meaningful Business Interventions	New Delhi
MOU Between Delhi And Moscow	Oct 5	To Promote Co-operation In Various Fields Like Environment, Culture, Education For 3 Years	New Delhi
Tajikistan	Oct 8	To Promote Political Relations, Strategic Research, Agriculture, Medicine	Dushanbe, Tajikistan
MOU B/W Nepal’s National Banking Institute	Oct 11	To  Promote Human Resource Development By Providing Education, Research And Training	New Delhi
Sri Lanka	Oct 13	To Construct 1200 Houses In Sri Lanka For Homeless People	Sri Lanka
Azerbaijan	Oct 11	To Promote Trade, Economic And Technology Co-Operation	New Delhi
Australia	Oct15	To Enhance Citizen Media Avenues And Also Provide Training for this.	Deakin University, Australia
Tanzania	Oct 16	To Promote Economic, Scientific And Technical Co-operation	New Delhi
Croatia	Oct 22	To Promote Cultural Exchange And Diplomatic Co-operation	New Delhi
Myanmar	Oct 22	To Appoint A Private Port Operator For The Operation And Maintenance Of Sittwe Port	Myanmar
Bangladesh	Oct 25	To Enhance Inland And Coastal Waterways Connectivity	New Delhi

November 2018

Signed With	Date	Purpose Of MOU	Venue
Japan	November 2	To construct TURGA pump storage (I) in West Bengal	Tokyo
MOU B/W Manipur Govt. and PWC	November 6	To implement smart city project in Imphal	Imphal
Botswana	November 1	To waive VISA for diplomatic passport holders	Gaborone , Botswana
Zimbabwe	November 3	Following MOUs were signed:  cooperation in geology, mine and  mineral resource  action plan on information and communication technology  cooperation in the field of traditional medicine and homoeopathy  cooperation in the field of art culture and heritage  cooperation in broadcasting	Harare Zimbabwe
Malawi	November 5	3 MOUs were signed  extradition treaty  cooperation on atomic energy for peaceful purpose  VISA waiver agreement	Lilongwe, Malawi
Morocco	November 12	To provide a broad legal framework for the prevention , investigation and prosecution of crimes	New Delhi
Kochi – Vilnius, Lithuania	November 13	Cooperation in urban planning, corporate planning , transport , solid waste management and water management	Vilnius, Lithuania
South Korea	November 11	MOUs signed were related to the co operation in the fields of tourism and sports	New Delhi
MOU Between Odisha Govt. And All India Football Federation	November 12	To host national team camps	Bhubaneswar, Odisha
U.K	November 15	To focus on the research on affordable research on cancer for 5 years	New Delhi
Morocco	November 16	MOUs on extradition mutual legal assistance, defence cooperation treaties, to jointly fight threats from ISIS under their counter-terrorism measures	New Delhi
China	November 26	To avoid double taxation and prevent tax evasions through exchange of information	New Delhi
Lao People’s Democratic Republic	November 23	To cooperate in diplomatic transparency  cooperate In avoiding tax evasion	Vientiane

📚Lines and Boundaries📚 🇳🇪Between Countries🇳🇪

🌟Marginal Line : 320 km line of fortification on the Russia-Finland border
🌟Line of Actual Control : India & China on the Northern Border
🌟Line of Control : India and Pakistan
🌟Durand Line : Afghanistan and Pakistan 🌟Radcliffe Line : India and Pakistan (its includes Bangladesh Line)
🌟Blue Line : Isreal & Lebanon
🌟Purple Line : Israel and Syria
🌟Green Line : Israel and its neighbours (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria)
🌟Mason–Dixon line : Maryland and Pennsylvania/Delaware in Colonial America
🌟Curzon Line : Poland & Russia
🌟Military Demarcation Line (MDL) or Armistice Line : North Korea and South Korea
🌟McMohan Line : India & China
🌟Maginot Line : France & Germany
🌟Mannar haime line : Russia & Finland
🌟Order Neisse Line : Germany & Poland (aftermath of World War II)
🌟Hindenburg Line : Poland & Germany (at the time of First World War)
🌟Sigfried Line East : France & Germany (at the time of second world war)
🌟Parallel North : Angola and Namibia
🌟17th Parallel Line : North & South Vietnam
🌟Parallel North : Libya & Sudan
🌟Parallel North : Egypt & Sudan
🌟Parallel North : Mauritania & Mali
🌟Parallel North : Western Sahara & Mauritania
🌟Parallel North : Iraq & Iran
🌟Parallel North : US it serves as border b/w Tennessee/Mississippi,Tennnessee/Alabama, Tennesse/Georgia, North Carolina/Georgia
🌟Parallel North : In the US it Forms forms the southernmost boundary of the state of Missouri with the state of Arkansas
🌟Parallel North Line : North & South Kore 🌟Parallel North : US it serves as border b/w Nebraska & Kansas
🌟Parallel North : US it forms the border b/w wyoming/utah border,Wyoming/colorado, Nebraska/Colorado.
🌟Parallel North : US it serves as border of new york & Pennsylvania Border
🌟Parallel North : US it serves as border of b/w State Nebraska & state of south Dakota
 🌟Parallel North : US it forms the boundary b/w Montana & wyoming
🌟Parallel North (Medicine Line) : USA & Canada

Indian Research Centres ✏Location

 🔷Indian Agricultural Research Institute
🔹New Delhi
🔷Central Rice Research Institute
🔹Cuttack
🔷Central Sugarcane Research Institute
🔹Coimbatore
🔷Central Potato Research Institute
🔹Shimla
🔷Central Tobacco Research Institute
🔹Rajamundry
🔷Central Forest Research Institute  🔹Dehradun
🔷National Sugar Research Institute
🔹Kanpur
🔷Indian Lac Research Institute
🔹Ranchi
🔷National Dairy Research Institute  🔹Karnal
🔷Central Fuel Research Institute
🔹Dhanbad
🔷Central Leather Research Institute
🔹Chennai
🔷Central Mining Research Institute
🔹Dhanbad
🔷Central Drug Research Institute
🔹Lucknow
🔷Indian Meteorological Observatory
🔹Pune and Delhi
🔷Raman Research Centre
🔹Bangalore
🔷Central Scientific Instruments Organisation 
🔹Chandigarh
🔷National Metallurgical Laboratory
🔹Jamshedpur
🔷Central Salt & Marine Chemical Research institute 
🔹Bhavnagar
🔷Archaeological Survey of India, India Museum  
🔹Kolkata
🔷Central Jute Technological Research Institute  
🔹Kolkata
🔷Central Coconut Research Institute
🔹Kasergod, Kerala
🔷Textile Research Institute 
🔹Ahmedabad
🔷All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) 
🔹New Delhi
🔷National Aeronautical Laboratory 🔹Bangalore
🔷National Institute of Oceanography
🔹Panaji
🔷National Geophysics Research Institute
🔹Hyderabad
🔷Indian Institute of Petroleum 🔹Dehradun
🔷Central Building Research Institute
🔹Roorkee

Some Important IDIOMS

1. (A little bird told me)
 something that you say in order to let someone know that you are not going to tell them who gave you the information being discussed
2. (A pain in the neck) 
someone or something that is very annoying
 3. (A piece of cake)
something very easy
4. (To lay off) 
to stop using or doing something
5. (pigs can fly)
 There is no chance of that ever happening. 6. (Dead tired)
 Totally exhausted or fatigued.
7. (Call it a day)
 to quit work and go home; to say that a day's work has been completed.
8. (In charge of)
 Having control over or responsibility for.
9. (In the way) 
to be close to doing something.
10. (Be my guest) 
Help yourself.; After you. (A polite way of indicating that someone else should go first, help himself or herself to something, or take the last one of something.)

GA study notes on Inside our Earth

           

      

 🌍 Inside Our Earth 🌍

The earth is made up of several concentric layers with one inside another. The structure of the earth’s interior is fundamentally divided into three layers – crust, mantle, and core. The crust forms only 1 percent of the volume of the earth, 84 percent consists of the mantle and 15 percent makes the core.The radius of the earth is 6371 km.

⚫Crust  

✴The uppermost layer over the earth’s surface is called the crust.

✴It is the thinnest of all the layers. It is about 35 km. on the continental masses and only 5 km. on the ocean floors.

✴The main mineral constituents of the continental mass are silica and alumina. It is thus called sial (si-silica and al-alumina).  

✴The oceanic crust mainly consists of silica and magnesium; it is therefore called sima (si-silica and ma-magnesium).

✴The discontinuity between the hydrosphere and crust is termed as the Conrad Discontinuity. 

⚫Manlte  

✴Just beneath the crust is the mantle which extends up to a depth of 2900 km below the crust.

✴The discontinuity between the crust and mantle is called as the Mohorovich Discontinuity or Moho discontinuity.

✴The uppermost solid part of the mantle and the entire crust constitute the Lithosphere.

✴The asthenosphere (in between 80-200km) is a highly viscous, mechanically weak and ductile, deforming region of the upper mantle which lies just below the lithosphere.

✴The asthenosphere is the main source of magma and it is the layer over which the lithospheric plates/ continental plates move (plate tectonics).

✴The discontinuity between the upper mantle and the lower mantle is known as Repetti Discontinuity.

✴The portion of the mantle which is just below the lithosphere and asthenosphere, but above the core is called as Mesosphere.

⚫Core

 ✴The innermost layer is the core with a radius of about 3500 km.

✴It is mainly made up of nickel and iron and is called nife (ni – nickel and fe – ferrous i.e. iron).

✴The central core has very high temperature and pressure.

✴The core is separated from the mantle by Guttenberg’s Discontinuity.

✴The core is the densest layer of the earth.

✴The discontinuity between the upper core and the lower core is called as Lehmann Discontinuity.

✴Barysphere is sometimes used to refer the core of the earth or sometimes the whole interior.