Indian Art and Culture

Different forms of Indian Art and Culture:-

Music

India has earned a special place in the world because of its musical repertoire. The basic notes of Svaracame from – Sadja, Rishava, Gandhara, Madhyam, Panchama, Dhaivata, Nishata which denotes Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni. There are two types of classical music:

1. Hindustani Music

• The dhrupad is the ancient form of Hindustani music.
• It demands efforts from the lungs and vocal chords.
• Raja Man Singh Tomar played a significant role in the development of Dhrupad.
• Some major dhrupad gharanas are Dagarvani, Bishnupur, Darbhanga, etc.
• Gharanas are the music dialects that are created by the masters.

2. Carnatic/ Karnatak

• It demands efforts from vocals only.
• The three stages are ragam, tanam and pallavi.
• Kriti is the most popular form of Karnatak music.

Some famous personalities and their accomplishments:

Names	Accomplishments
🔹Amir Khusrow	Musician at the court of Alauddin Khilji
🔹Bhimsen Joshi	Famous classical singer & Bharat Ratna awardee
🔹G.N. Balasubramaniam	Carnatic vocalist

Musical Instruments

Good music is something that releases all the stress and rejuvenates your body. There are several musical instruments that have captured a huge space in everybody’s heart. Some of the most popular ones are listed below.

• Drums
• Trumpets
• Shankh
• Veena
• Tambura
• Sarangi
• Dilruba
• Matki
• Jaltarang
• Indian Orchestra

Famous Personalities and the instruments they played:

Names	Instruments
▪Ali Akbar Khan, Amjad Ali Khan	Sarod
▪Bismillah Khan	Shehnai
▪Pt Hariprasad Chaurasia	Flute
▪L. Subramaniam	Violin
▪Bundu Khan	Sarangi
▪Srinivas	Mandolin
▪P.Mani Iyer	Mridangam
▪Ravi Sankar	Sitar
▪Zakir Hussain	Tabla

Folk Songs and Culture

Folk songs are generally related to nature, love, familial relation, religious festivals, cultures etc.

• Kashmir – Sufi, Ghazal, Choral music
• Punjab – Bhangra (dance-oriented)
• Chhattisgarh – Bhartari Gayan (story of a king)
• West Bengal – Baul (songs of love)
• Madhya Pradesh – Aalha (a heroic ballad)
• Rajasthan – Folk music related with specific castes.
• Gujrat – Dandiya (dance-oriented folk music)
• Maharashtra – Owi (sung during leisure time)
• Goa – Suvari (sung during a wedding)
• Tamil Nadu – Naatupura Paatu.
• Bihar – Sohar (performed during childbirth).
• Assam – Zikir (teaching of Islam).
• Arunachal Pradesh – Ja-Jin-Ja (sung during marriages).
• Manipur – Khongjom Parva (musical narration of the battle of Khongjom).

Indi Pop

• It is commonly known as fusion music.
• This genre of music was first started by Hariharan & Leslie Lewis.
• In 1999 AR Rahman released an album with Micheal Jackson (named – Ekam Satyam).
• Some popular Indi-Pop singers are – Alisha Chinai, Daler Mehendi, Euphoria Band etc.